Russian indefinite pronouns: –то and –нибудь
Learn how question words like кто, что, где, когда, and как change meaning when we add –то and –нибудь, and how to use them correctly in real sentences.
In Russian, question words like who, what, where, when, how can change their meaning when we add –то or –нибудь.
These forms are called indefinite pronouns.
They talk about someone, something, some place, or some time, but not exactly.
My explanation watch in this video:
Question words (base forms)
First, let’s remember the basic question words:
кто — who
что — what
где — where
когда — when
как — how
On their own, these words are used in questions.
–то = something / someone specific, but unknown
We use –то when:
the speaker thinks the thing or person exists
it is specific, but we don’t know exactly what or who
Examples:
кто-то — someone
что-то — something
где-то — somewhere
когда-то — once / some time (usually in the past)
как-то — somehow (in a specific way)
Sentences:
Кто-то звонит. - Someone is calling.
Я что-то слышу. - I hear something.
Он где-то рядом. - He is somewhere nearby.
Я когда-то жил в Польше. - I once lived in Poland.
Он как-то странно говорит. - He speaks somehow strangely.
👉 The speaker is sure that the thing or person exists.
–нибудь = anyone / anything / anywhere
We use –нибудь when:
it doesn’t matter which one
we talk about the future, requests, or possibilities
we want to say “any” or “ever” in questions
Examples:
кто-нибудь — anyone
что-нибудь — anything
где-нибудь — anywhere
когда-нибудь — someday / ever
как-нибудь — somehow (any way)
Sentences:
Есть кто-нибудь дома? - Is anyone at home?
Купи что-нибудь к чаю. - Buy something / anything for tea.
Мы встретимся когда-нибудь. - We’ll meet someday.
Мы как-нибудь решим эту проблему. - We’ll solve this problem somehow.
👉 It is not specific. Any option is OK.