How to use "пока" in Russian
The Russian word “пока” is a common time expression that can mean “while,” “until,” or “for now” depending on the structure of the sentence. Understanding how to use пока in Russian grammar is essential for speaking naturally and correctly.
1. Пока = while (simultaneous actions)
Use пока to mean “while” when two actions happen at the same time. In this meaning, пока is usually followed by an imperfective verb, because the focus is on an ongoing process.
Я читаю, пока он смотрит телевизор.
I’m reading while he is watching TV.Я слушала музыку, пока готовила.
I was listening to music while I was cooking.Она работает, пока дети спят.
She is working while the children are sleeping.
2. Пока не = until (up to the moment when something happens)
Important: In Russian, не is used after пока, but in English we don’t use “not” with until in these sentences.
Подожди, пока я не приду.
Wait until I come.Я не уйду, пока ты не объяснишь.
I won’t leave until you explain.Он будет учиться, пока не сдаст экзамен.
He will study until he passes the exam.
3. Пока что = for now / at the moment (temporary situation that may change in the future)
Пока что я живу в Польше.
For now, I live in Poland.Денег пока что нет.
There’s no money at the moment.Пока что всё хорошо.
Everything is fine for now.